詞匯弱、無話可說是我們留學(xué)生在進(jìn)行論文寫作時(shí)的硬傷問題,而語言表達(dá)是否清晰明了則考驗(yàn)的是留學(xué)生論文寫作的軟實(shí)力。今天小編為大家分享了留學(xué)生論文輔導(dǎo)中表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確簡(jiǎn)潔的6個(gè)tips,希望對(duì)大家有用。
留學(xué)生論文輔導(dǎo)
不要單獨(dú)使用this
When the journalist wrote the report,he wasn’t aware the driver had left the scene of a serious accident.This has created an unfortunate situation.大家看這個(gè)句子,你能看出this指的是什么嗎?既可以理解為“這個(gè)記者不留神”,也可以理解為“司機(jī)的逃逸行為”。那么應(yīng)該如何避免這種歧義呢?答案就是不要單獨(dú)使用this,而是應(yīng)該搭配一個(gè)所要指代的名詞。
如果this指的是“記者不留神”,就把this換成“This lack of awareness…”
如果this指的是“司機(jī)的逃逸行為”,就把this換成“This driver behaviour…”
盡可能少使用i.e.和e.g.
I suggest that we pay attention to just one area of interest,i.e.,pollution.
看到這個(gè)句子,可能我們一般會(huì)想到兩種不同的理解:
I suggest that we pay attention to just one area of interest,this is,pollution.
I suggest that we pay attention to just one area of interest,for example,pollution.
但到底是哪一個(gè)呢?其實(shí):
i.e.是拉丁語id est的縮寫,意為that is(即)
e.g.是拉丁語exempli gratia的縮寫,意為for example(例)既然容易讓人誤解,那在寫作中就盡量不使用,而是使用“that is”和“for example”。
注意多個(gè)短語產(chǎn)生的歧義
Dave is working on a project plan.He will mail it to you to proofread by April 1st.
看這個(gè)句子,4月1號(hào)那天到底是誰要去干什么呢?既可以理解為Dave把項(xiàng)目書發(fā)給you,也可以理解為you來校訂項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃書。
如果是第一個(gè)意思,可以寫成:Dave is working on a project plan,which he will mail you.Please proofread it by April 1st.
如果是第二個(gè)意思,可以寫成:Dave is working on a project plan.He will mail it to you by April 1st so that you can proofread it.
不要混淆代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)
為了表達(dá)的更清晰,確保they,their,our指代的是復(fù)數(shù)的東西,如果不是的話最好重寫句子。
錯(cuò)誤表達(dá):
There is a guidebook at each guest’s table.They include the itinerary(行程).
They指代的是什么呢?這個(gè)they的使用就是混淆了代詞的數(shù)。
正確的表達(dá):
There is a guidebook at each guest’s table.The guidebook includes the itinerary.
There is a guidebook,which includes the itinerary,at each guest’s table.
避免弱邏輯的陳述
你的句子要支撐起你文章的論點(diǎn),它們應(yīng)當(dāng)是簡(jiǎn)潔和邏輯嚴(yán)密的,不要寫一個(gè)被普遍接受的、不需要爭(zhēng)辯的觀點(diǎn)。
例如,不要寫:The glaciers are melting more rapidly than ever recorded.
相反,你可以這樣寫:The glaciers are melting more rapidly than ever due to human activity.
這個(gè)句子陳述了一個(gè)論點(diǎn),加上支撐的觀點(diǎn)會(huì)使你的論證更加嚴(yán)密。
避免教條的語氣
教條的主張是指那些以一種自負(fù)的方式陳述你的觀點(diǎn)的主張。
例如:
While business models will ultimately drive the sustainability of a program,the curricular objectives must be what drives the program experience.這個(gè)句子中使用了“must”這個(gè)詞,給人一種命令的感覺,這就是教條的語氣,寫作中應(yīng)當(dāng)避免這樣的語氣。
應(yīng)該這樣寫:While business models will ultimately drive the sustainability of a program,the curricular objectives should be what drives the program experience.
上面句子中的“must”換成了“should”,命令教條式的語氣就變成了建議的語氣,這樣就會(huì)好很多。